In this modeling tutorial you will be shown how to model a light bulb.
在本教程里，你将看到到怎样去建立一个灯泡
Introduction 介绍
The first “glass” part will be just a bit tricky because we need to control the curves little bit more than usual. After that we will make bulb screw threads
首先，玻璃部分因为需要比平时多一点的曲线控制所以会有一点棘手，然后我们将建灯泡的螺旋线
Anyway, this one is pretty easy, but needs some special attention in some parts.
不管怎样，该篇教程是非常简单，只是需要某部分需要特别注意。
This is what you will have in the end:以下就是你最终得到的。
final model最终模型
STEP 1第一步
First we will start from top to bottom. So we’re making the lighting
首先我们从顶到底开始，所以我们先建螺旋灯泡
spiral. Start with creating Circle from top view of radius 5cm. And create two small circles of radius 1cm. You can use Snap to make them really easy:
在top视图我们建立一个5cm半径的圆形，然后建立两个1cm的小圆，使用捕捉对齐很容易完成
image 1
Next, we need a Spiral. Using Spiral command make one starting from origin.
接下来我们需要一圈螺旋线，使用 spiral 命令从原平面建立
Once you start the Spiral command just input 0 (zero) and press enter, now from
当你开始命令时就输入0零然后摁回车
Front viewport make it high 5cm
然后再Front 视图确保它高5 cm
And for the radius use your already made circle that is 5cm in radius. Move that spiral 3cm up from front viewport and you should get something like on the image 2 and image3
Now we need a little help line. You can make one starting from center of the right smaller circle. It should be straight vertical line, so you can finish it either from front or right viewport
Now, using BlendCrv blend the lower end of spiral to the little help line with G1 continuity on both sides
现在使用 blendcrv 来混接螺旋线底部和辅助线顶部，两边都要G1连续
image 5
Using Copy command, copy the spiral and blended curve. While in the Copy command in the command line click on InPlace option. Or simply use Copy & Paste commands (ctrl+c, ctrl+v). While having selected two copied curves, Rotate them from top viewport by 180 degrees. Check if you have something like on the image 6
Now, with create a Point from right viewport (or front would work fine too) exactly 9cm from origin
现在我们在right（或front）视图离原点9cm高做一个点
image 7
Now, start Extend command, and press enter for dynamic extend. Enable OSnap and check Point option, and click on each upper end of spiral and extend it to the point
现在，使用延伸命令，并且摁回车使用动态延伸，打开点捕捉，点选俩螺旋线的顶端让它延伸到点
image 8
Now the endings of two spirals are not tangent. So with Match command we will match those two curves. Make sure both ends are set to Tangency and Average Curves is checked
这时两条螺旋线并不相切，所以使用match 命令我们能衔接这两条曲线，让他们两线都均匀调整为相切
image 9
Now select all 4 parts of 2 spirals and join them together. Now, using Pipe command we will make a surface out of this curve. For the starting and ending radius you can use two small circles as reference. Near OSnap option is a good way for this. Ofcourse, you could use sweep1 or even sweep2 commands.
Now the big circle will be used to create the body of our bulb. Select it and run ExtrudeCrv command. Make sure the Cap is set to Yes and BothSides to No. We will extrude it down by 8cm, so you can either use snap and count for yourself, or simply input in the command line -8 and press enter.
Using FilletEdge command fillet the upper edge of the cilinder by 0.5cm.
使用filletedge 命令对上缘倒0.5cm的圆角
image 12
Using one of two smaller circles offset one by 0.3cm. And move it up vertically by 0.6cm
向外Offset其中一个小圆0.3cm ，并且垂直上移0.6cm
image 13
Using Rib command and the body of the bulb create a surface like on the image 14. Rib distance is 0.2
利用rib命令和灯泡主体建议一个如图14的表面，rib的距离是0.2
image 14
- mirrored curve for rib镜像曲线再次rib
Now for the ribs, we can make them look even prettier by filleting edges. So with FilletEdge command fillet those three edges for each rib with 0.05cm as radius
用倒角能使俩柱胫更美观，所以我们使用0.05cm的半径对这三个边缘进行倒角命令
image 15 - filleting倒圆角
Now lets get back to the lower part of the bulb body. Like we filleted upper edge, we will chamfer the lower one with ChamferEdge command using 2cm as CurrentChamferDistance option
Now, we will FilletEdge the middle edge with 0.5cm as fillet radius
现在，我们以0.5cm的半径对中间的边缘进行倒圆角
image 17 - filletedge radius 0.5cm倒圆角半径0.5cm
Using ExtractSrf command we will extract the bottom cap surface
使用extractsrf命令提取底盖曲面
image 18 - omg, we're using ExtractSrf for the first time :)
呕奈奈个熊，我们正首次使用extractsrf命令[s:95]
When you extract this surface, you can delete it. And using the edge where this surface was extrude it by 1cm down. So just input in command line when extruding -0.5. Make sure the Cap option is set to No
Now, you can create PlanarSrf to “cap” it on one side: (you could also join all the upper surfaces of this bulb body and simply use Cap command to close it)
and then from top viewport simply move your mouse pointer inside the cilinder and in command line type in 0.2 and press enter. Do the same for the other edge and you are set to go
Then, using Loft command click on the lower edge first, then two offset circles inside, and then the upper edge, and with style set to Straight sections create loft
Now, join those surface, and make it prettier with FilletEdge using 0.05cm as radius
组合这些曲面，再用0.05cm的半径倒圆角使它美观
image 24 - smooth edges with FilletEdge 用filletedge倒圆角
STEP 2
Now, we will create a polyline that we’ll use for screw thread. But before that we need to set our Ortho settings to snap to 45 degrees. To do that
现在我们要建立多段线以便后面做螺旋。但在此之前我们得设置正交角度为45度
right click the Ortho in status bar and select settings. Next a window pops up where you can set angle which Ortho uses. So, set it to 45 degrees like on the image 25
The polyline will consist out of three segments. First one under 45 degrees and 0.7cm long, second one vertical 3.1cm long, and the third one will be again under 45 degrees and 1.2cm long
Now, using Fillet command, filet the two corners of this polyline with 1cm as radius
现在使用fillet 命令，对这两个折点倒1cm半径的圆角
image 27
Now, this line is still made out of 5 curves, and if we try to make a surface out of that kind of line, then we will also get 5 surfaces, while we want only one. Why? Well, because we’ll be modeling screw threads here, and when it comes to trimming if we trim one surface with one polysurface it is very common we will run into problems with trimming. Actually, while making this tutorial I did run to the problems in terms of invalid trim. So, to avoid that we’ll just rebuild this curve using Rebuild command and specifying the control points so we don’t change the original shape of this curve too much
Now, this curve has a fairly dense control points, but since this part is going to be “dense” with threads it is ok. I guess this is the sacrifice I’m willing to give for not having problems with trim
Now, you can revolve this curve or using Sweep1 command make a surface. I used Sweep1
现在你可以旋转或者使用sweep1命令来建立曲面。我用sweep1
image 30
Ok, now we are going to model electrical foot contact. We need to offset the far lower edge two times. Once from front or right viewport by 1cm down, and once from top viewport by 1cm inwards (the second time we do offset we will be offsetting the already offset circle)
You can delete the outer circle, and use the smaller one and the edge to Loft between them
你可以删除外面的圆，并在小的那个和边缘间来loft放样
image 32
Now, using Patch command, patch the lower hole. Be sure to select the edge, not the circle because we need the tangency from that surface
现在使用patch命令，对最底端的孔镶面。确保是选择边缘，不是圆线，因为我们需要它相切于那个面
image 33
Now, using InterpCrv command, we will create one freeform curve. Just make sure you are drawing this curve from either front or right viewport. I really can’t tell you much, except try to recreate the curve the best you can. It doesn’t matter if it is a bit too big, or a bit too small
If you’d like, you have a small video step by step how I did it
若你需要，你有一个我每步怎么做的小视频
video 1
STEP 3 第三步
Ok, in this step it is time to model the actual threads. So, for this, we need couple of lines. Just make one below the chamfered part and offset it by 0.9cm down, and that offset curve need to be offset by another 2.3cm
Now you need to Project those two selected lines onto a surface. Do that from front or right viewport
现在你需要把这选择的俩线投影到曲面上，在front或者right 视图完成
image 38
Once you got those circles, you can again hide everything except them. Now, we will make another Spiral with Spiral command and using OSnap Cen option we will easily set the start and end axis of spiral on both centers of two circles (make sure the Turns is set to 5)
Now, we will edit this spiral, so either with F9 or with command PointsOn show the control points, and then move the upper one up just a bit so it snaps to first grid intersection. Do the same for the lower one, just move the control point down
From right viewport, create one polyline like on the image 43. Again, it is up to you how big or small you make it. It will be a section for the threads. And fillet the corners with 0.08cm as radius.
Now, move the little triangle on the start of the spiral. And rotate it so it is somewhat perpendicular to the spiral line
现在，移动这小三角到螺旋线的起点，并且旋转它到垂直于螺旋线的位置
image 44
Now, explode the triangle, and use only the two angled lines. Join them.And move them like on the image below: (it is to ensure the surface will go through the thread surface)
The problem with moving the section curve is that when you do that, the section gets smaller, maybe the better idea would be to extend the lines. But then again, there will be another problem which is the surface would overlap. So, be careful when extending lines.
And with sweep1 command using Style:Roadlike Top create a surface
使用sweep1命令 造型选[走向top]建立一个曲面
image 45
After sweep1, unhide the surface and BooleanUnion the two. You should get something like on the image 46 below
单轨扫描后，显示指定的曲面并（跟建出的螺旋曲面）布尔运算并集他俩，你要的是如图46一样的物体
image 46
Now, using FilletEdge you should be able to fillet the edges with 0.1cm as radius and get this
现在，使用filletedge 你应该能用0.1cm的半径倒边并得到这些
image 47
Now, we only need to do one small detail. Add little round holes. Create a Sphere radius 0.15cm and position it like so
现在我们只需要做一个很小的细节，增加小圆洞，建一个半径为0.15cm的球体并放到如图的位置上
image 48
Now, you need to copy that sphere 12 times around. So, using ArrayPolar command and input for the center 0 (zero) and type in 12 copies, and using BooleanDifference make holes
谢谢"奥巴马 carrot"老师 加精！[s:107]
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